Letter From Growing Homes Southeast Over The Past Year

I would like to take this time to thank you for allowing me the opportunity to be a part of Growing Homes Southeast over the past year. However, over the past months it seems as though there have been quite a few misunderstandings between Growing Homes and me. Therefore, I am writing this document to clear up the misunderstanding. In no instance, do I have any reason to lie or be dishonest. Although you all may feel as though I haven’t been totally honest with you, I view this situation as a misunderstanding of what I was actually trying to accomplish or who I am as a person. In no case am I writing this document for you to feel sorry for me, but for you to gain an understanding. Prior to these past few months Sitrenia, Latasha, and I have had a face-to-face conversation. During this time, Sitrenia made me aware of some issues that occurred during the time the first foster child moved into my home. Like I stated at that point, I wasn’t aware of some of the rules that took place during that time. Considering the fact that, I was new to this program I requested to have a policy and procedure manual to help me understand the â€Å"Dos and Don’ts† of Growing Homes. Up until this day, I still haven’t received the manual, but here we are again at this same point where you all feel as though I broke a rule that I wasn’t unaware of. When I say unaware, I mean I didn’t know that since I haven’t had a child in my home for almost five months I had to make Growing Homes awareShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 Pagesspread of communism all around the world. This is what lead to the gruesome war that lasted over a decade in Vietnam. A great deal of social changed happened all over the world, but particularly in America as the Vietnam War dragged on. 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The Discrimination against Minority Couples in the...

The United States has nearly a half a million children placed in foster care waiting for adoption every year. The many different adoption agencies that exist in the United States are known for severe discrimination against minority couples, and lower class families making it very difficult to adopt a child. There are laws put in place to protect minority families from being failed by adoption agencies however they are of little to no help. The laws mandate training for parents adopting from another country but offer no similar help for parents adopting an American child. The agencies do this because they believe it would transracially conflict with the ideal of a colorblind society that does not take race into account. The sad truth is that if one is a not a white wealthy American then it is much harder for them to adopt then someone who is. The topic of minority and lower class adoptions have caused uprooted debates here in the United States. Nicolas Park an adoption consultant believes most Americans have a positive view of adoption, yet they will never consider it in their lifetimes (611). Ali Suki a professor who studies transracial adoption, says that in past years the senate has announced plans to reform adoption to remove discriminatory barriers from the adoption process (67). Michael Cobb a published speaker believes the biggest barrier that exists is the disapproval of LGBT adoptions (200). Fiona Mcllwaine a social worker in international adoptions says that theShow MoreRelatedThe United States And The Civil Rights Movement1727 Words   |  7 Pageshave the same rights as heterosexual in the United States because the Declaration of Independence gives all Americans natural rights. The constitution guarantees to each person of the United States equal protection under the laws. Freedom from discrimination is a bas ic human right. 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Song of Roland Free Essays

The textbook displays Charlemagne as an astounding and great military leader but examines a few of his flaws as well. The Song of Roland creates the image of Charlemagne that is an extraordinary, legendary leader. They both tell about what great things he accomplished in his life, the many wars he won and how his bravery carried him through everything. We will write a custom essay sample on Song of Roland or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Song of Roland praised him in such a legendary way to create the impression of a heroic leader. By doing this it establishes a strong positive view of the Frankish Empire. In the ninth chapter of the Making of the West, the authors describe the Carolingian king, Charlemagne and the various views of his life that historians have. While admiring his greatness the authors analyze a few negatives about Charlemagne. For example, he liked the Pope but hated that the Pope crowned him emperor. He liked being king and calling himself king but at first didn’t want the title of Emperor. Another criticism to Charlemagne’s great work as a military leader is that he did all of his work winning wars and conquering lands that he destroyed the states surrounding his original empire and gaining control of them but by doing that, he lost his buffer. So soon after all the wars were finally over for Charlemagne, hew invasions started occurring on the borders of his new kingdoms. One more concern historians claim he did was what he had done when he arrived at the Saragossa Town after the winning the war with the Saxons. Apparently when he got to the city, the citizens were resisting conversion to Christianity and he wasn’t happy about it. He forced mass conversion of the Muslim citizens with the threat of his sword. This act goes against the whole idea of Christianity to be accepting of other faiths and tolerant of them. These examples only demonstrate a few criticisms to Charlemagne’s leadership but still explain that he was a great emperor overall. The Song of Roland describes Charlemagne as an amazing military leader. He had Counts and Bishops in charge of leading wars to gain lands for the Franks in every direction and he was successful in doing so. He was a very emotional man, he wept over the deaths of fellow comrades and warriors, friends and relatives. Charlemagne was also a spiritual man in that he prayed everyday and asked for God to protect the bodies of the fallen soldiers and keep them safe. The angel St. Gabriel came down to him many times to give Charlemagne advice or to encourage him to continue his missions and to fight. He fought with courage and bravery, he was afraid of nothing. After his victory against Emir, he still felt the need to serve God and all his kingdom respected him for that and obeyed his power. Charlemagne is described as a courageous, spiritual, loyal and extraordinary emperor and leader full of pride for his kingdom. All of the words Charlemagne can be indentified with help bring about the view of the Frankish Empire. Because of the things Charlemagne did and more importantly they way he went about them, the Frankish kingdoms were viewed as prestigious and in control. They gave off the impression of high power and other kingdoms were going to have a challenge if they wanted to fight the Franks. The Making of the West textbook and the book The Song of Roland discuss how great Charlemagne was and how what he did made a difference in the view of the Frankish Empire. Although he had some flaws or contradictory actions, he was still an astounding emperor. He expanded his kingdoms and defeated many enemies. He had become a heroic military leader for the Franks and the Frankish Empire. How to cite Song of Roland, Papers

Research Methods for Business Decisions

Question : Discuss with Statistics and Research Methods for Business Decisions ? Answer : Introduction: Contemporary society has recognized and accepted the contribution of the social media on the communication, promotion or other influential factors to ease the implementation of the strategies for any organization. Social media has become a familiar term nowadays; the main aspect that has made social media well recognized because it can connect the maximum of the people in minimum time. Thus, social media plays an important role in the promotion of the service or the products. This report has been constructed to propose a research on the topic Impact of Social Media on Promotion of Bakers Maison. Bakers Maison is one of the popular bakery shops in Australia. It is reputed for its taste, quality and variety of the baked foods. The service and the products are key elements behind the reputation of this bakery; however, it has also taken the digital promotion very seriously along with the traditional measures (Bakersmaison.com.au. 2016). Social presence of Baker's Maison has helped to reach millions of people about their products and service. The research will be conducted to verify the projection that social media has left the great impact on the promotion for Baker's Maison. This report has followed the perfect structure for a research proposal. To consider the theoretical approach literature review has been added here. Apart from that, research questions and hypotheses have been included to make the research more valid and practical. An important inclusion in this report is the description of the methods of the data collection and analysis of that information. Along with the research process, expected outcome has been given here so that a transparent idea can be obtained from the research from the research proposal. Literature review: Discussion in the chapter of the effect of social media on the promotion has been started since the ending of the 90s and now it has become one of the major concerns for the experts. Research has been undergoing to make social media the best platform for the promotional activities of any organization. As mentioned by, Sashi (2012), social media actually tend to share the condition with the audience by means of audio-visual measures and it is proved that visualization of a product or service makes it more interesting and attractive to the viewers or the buyers. On addition, utilization of social media as the promotional tool is cost-effective when comparing to the traditional methods (Papasolomou and Melanthiou 2012). Moreover, Tuten and Solomon (2014), mentioned that social media is influential due to its properties of connecting the audience instantly. As customers can give feedback directly to the service providers, they can easily act on those feedback top make the service and pro ducts better. Furthermore, as different companies are now inclining to the social media as their promotional tool, consumers can easily compare the products of their preferred brand to that of the others (Laroche et al. 2013). Research questions and hypotheses Research questions important as it helps the researcher to reasons that have led to conducting a research. For the research on the previously mentioned topic will be: What are the main aspects that have made social media important for the promotion? How different components of social media can be aligned with the promotional factors for Bakers Maison? Why Bakers Maison should give the social media more importance as a promotional tool? Hypotheses: Hypotheses for this research are H0- Social media has impact on the promotion of Bakers Maison H1- social media is not influential for the promotion of Bakers Maison. Operational definitions and measurement: Operational definition involves the process of operationalization for defining a process that is essential to determine the nature of variables. Ary et al. (2013), mentioned that the intensity of the operationalization is prone to vary, that is why it can result in less or more operational definitions. Measurement of the variables is another important approach; the variable can be defined as the symbol that varies in terms of quality and quantity. Variable are two types one is independent variable and another one is the dependent variable. Dependent variables can be controlled or manipulated during the research and the dependent variable is the piece of interest for the researcher. Independent variables can influence the change of dependent variables. Researcher actually looks for the change in the dependent variable so that they can understand the fact that changes in independent variables are influencing dependent variables (Coleman and Ringrose 2013). Here, in this research, the dependent variable is the promotion, whereas, the independent variable is the social media. The researcher will ask for the outcome to know the matter that changes in the practice of social media is effecting the promotional strategy for Baker Maison or not. Research methodologies: Data collection and analysis Research methodologies involve the description of the methods that will be applied during the research. Research methodologies represent the systematic presentation of the procedures that are required for the completion of the research. Sampling techniques: As mentioned by, Levy and Lemeshow (2013), sampling technique is crucial for a research because it is responsible for obtaining the maximum valid response during the research. For this research, probability sampling will be conducted. Probability random sampling is the technique where there is no boundary, restriction and particular criteria for the participation. In probability sampling, samples are chosen regardless of age, gender, social, political and economic background. The reason behind selecting probability sampling is to gather as much information as possible from the service users or customers because opinion and thoughts from every section of the society can be counted in this process. Moreover, social media is known factor to all that is why it will not get complicated if the sampling is selected randomly. In this regard, ethical consideration should be followed during the sample to avoid any moral degradation while conducting the research. Method of analysis: Data collection is followed prior to the data analysis. Data can be collected by using two types of sources; primary sources and secondary sources; primary sources involve the surveys, interviews, questionnaire session, online surveys and field observation. In this form of data collection direct interaction with the samples is held. Secondary research is the extraction of knowledge from different available academic sources like articles, journals and books. This form of research helps to enrich the idea about the research topic; researchers come to know different aspects of that particular research topic that have been recorded for years (Matthews and Ross 2014). Moreover, a theoretical comparison is also obtained if the researcher makes a comparison with the previous scenario and present scenario. For this research, both primary and secondary sources of data collection will be followed. Using both the type resources will help to obtain an outcome that is practically and theoretically satisfied. For the obtaining of primary resources, the researcher will conduct an online service on the topic social media has a great impact on the promotional strategy of the Baker's Maison. Secondary data will be collected from different journals, articles and books related to this topic. The method of analysis involves two different approaches; one is the qualitative analysis that involves analysis of the case studies, surveys and observations (Yilmaz 2013). Another one is the quantitative approach that involves numerical and statistical analysis of the data (Ritchie et al.2013). To make the data reliable and practical a number of charts, graphs are included. The research will conduct quantitative analysis to obtain accurate information on the research topic. Research process: The research process is the explanatory documentation on the entire steps and methods that will be followed from the starting to the completion of the research. A research process is the illustration of the disciplines and norms, maintained through the entire process of the research. The research topic is first selected and then research methodologies are followed step by step. The procedures of research methodologies must be followed strictly to successful completion of the research. Pickard (2012), divided the research process into four different parts; inquiry, collection, organization and presentation. Inquiry reflects looking for the appropriate data; the collection is gathering of the collected information; organization seeks the analysis of the data. The presentation is the completion of the research. Expected outcomes: The expectation from this research is that it will be successful to assess the impact of the social media on the promotion of the Bakers Maison. If the company revise the result of the research it will get acknowledged about the future strategies for the promotion through social media. Proper implementation of the research methodologies will also help to gain valid data on the thoughts, opinions and expectation of the sample. Moreover, revision of the research cane is helpful for the reader to understand the emerging trend of the promotion and the factors that influencing the trend. Conclusion: The research proposal has been constructed on the research topic social media has an impact on the promotion for Baker's Maison. Social media has become very popular way to promote any service and this report has proposed a research so that importance of the social media for promotion can be evaluated or justified. The inclusion of the literature review has added a theoretical account of this report. In addition, research questions and hypotheses have given to draw a clear outline for the objective of the research. Research methodologies have explained the sampling techniques, data collection and data analysis methods so that an idea can be obtained by how the research will be going. research process has elaborately described the procedures. Expected outcome and its impact have been added to give the research proposal accountability prior to the research. Reference List: Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., Sorensen, C.K. and Walker, D., 2013.Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning. Bakersmaison.com.au., 2016. Home. Available at: https://www.bakersmaison.com.au/ [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Coleman, R. and Ringrose, J. eds., 2013.Deleuze and research methodologies. Edinburgh University Press. Laroche, M., Habibi, M.R. and Richard, M.O., 2013. To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?.International Journal of Information Management,33(1), pp.76-82. Levy, P.S. and Lemeshow, S., 2013.A sampling of populations: methods and applications. John Wiley Sons. Matthews, B. and Ross, L., 2014.Research methods. Pearson Higher Ed. Papasolomou, I. and Melanthiou, Y., 2012. Social media: Marketing public relations new best friend.Journal of Promotion Management,18(3), pp.319-328. Pickard, A., 2012.Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C.M. and Ormston, R. eds., 2013.Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Sashi, C.M., 2012. Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media.Management decision,50(2), pp.253-272. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2014.Social media marketing. Sage. Yilmaz, K., 2013. Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Traditions: epistemological, theoretical, and methodological differences.European Journal of Education,48(2), pp.311-325.

War Horse Essay Example

War Horse Essay War Horse review This film creates an atmosphere of heartache and hope. Throughout the film, a variety of characters are focused on, causing a feeling of distress for each character as an inconvenient event occurs. Joey meets a diversity of people throughout the war who tend and care for him. But no care from another matches Alberts longing for his horse to someday return to him. After years have passed, Albert is reintroduced in the film as he is fighting the war. There are constant references to his dear horse he misses so much. Alberts longing matches well with the theme of the film. World War I was a disturbing time period for people throughout the world. Showing people from more than one country helps display the idea that it was a time when everyone was in sorrow. This movie is a wake-up call, raising awareness to a dreadful time period people had to suffer through. Strong emotions were extraordinarily portrayed in this film where a horse and a boy must face one of the worlds largest struggles. War Horse† begins with the remarkable friendship between a horse named Joey and a young man called Albert, who tames and trains him. When they are forcefully parted, the film follows the extraordinary journey of the horse as he moves through the war, changing and inspiring the lives of all those he meets-British cavalry, German soldiers, and a French farmer and his granddaughter-before the story reaches its emotional climax in the heart of the battle. We will write a custom essay sample on War Horse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on War Horse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on War Horse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The World War I is experienced through the journey of this horse-a journey of joy and sorrow, passionate friendship and high adventure. War Horse revolves principally around the friendship of Joey and Albert. Beginning when Albert finds Joey as a young horse and carrying through their two separate journeys in four years of the World War, the film serves to reassure that friendship and love are always there, no matter what hardship one might face. The friendship between Joey and Albert seems to be the one positive force that carries both characters through war to peace. The characters in War Horse, especially Joey, exemplify the traits that are needed to survive in today’s troubled environment. People are facing some of the hardest social, economic, environmental and religious times that the world has ever known. Worldwide natural disasters and rising unemployment have made daily life remarkably hard and unsafe for many. Required by circumstances to go far beyond his capabilities, Joey personifies how each of us today must likewise find ways to access our inner strength and determination in order to succeed during hard times. I believed that the horse was used as the central metaphor for this movie because of the bond that two living organisms can share, like boy to horse which is shown in this movie. Human behavior is shown when the new owner of the horse would care for the horse and obtain a bond with it. Just like when the horse was caught in barb wire in the middle of the war, the two sides started come together just to free the horse by stop fighting and cutting the wire. You could say that it brought out the good and gentle side in people.

The Lottery essays

The Lottery essays 27 June bisects the summer soltstice and Independence Day, which is a contrast between superstitious paganism and rational democracy. The sunny day and the blooming of flowers indicate a happy, festive occasion. The reader does not realize that The Lottery is not a happy occasion until its tragic end. The reader can never perceive something so holocaustic happening in 20th Century America. Initially, the reader thinks that the lottery is a modern day lottery in which something of monetary value is won. Ironically, the only thing that is won is the head of one of the members of the village to satisfy traditional belief and practice. At no point does the author indicate the location of The Lottery; However, the Salem witch trials in 1692 in Massachusetts which resulted in 14 women and 6 men being executed indicates that The Lottery could have taken place in New England. Historically, there was a well-known New England woman named Anne Hutchinson. The General Court of Massachusetts tried Anne Hutchinson in 1637 for her antinomian beliefs. She was found guilty, excommunicated from the church, and banished from the colony. Ironically, Tessie Hutchinson shares Anne Hutchinsons last name who is from New England. Both women were excommunicated in some manner, Anne by the church and Tessie from the community by sacrifice. They both had some individual beliefs. Annes belief was antinomian and Tessies belief is that of self-survival that is manifested by her hypocritical outburst, it isnt fair, it isnt right (322). Tessie Hutchinson belief is self-survival because her nonchalant attitude towards the lottery shows when she runs to the square because she was late, and joking around with the crowd. When it is her family time to draw from the box, she urges her husband to get up there, Bill (319). She would have eagerly pa...

Women in the united states Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women in the united states - Assignment Example The theory of feminism is therefore developed based on the concept of inter-sectionalist with an aim of achieving equality for all the women in all the spheres. The theory further states the fact that racism, classism and homophobia are still a hindrance in the interactions of the social groups. The theories indicate that women still divide themselves in terms of race, social class and education which are common peculiar attributes. Above all else, our politics initially sprang from the shared belief that Black women are inherently valuable, that our liberation is a necessity not as an adjunct to somebody elses may because of our need as human persons for autonomy. As indicated by the short history of Audre Lorde who responded to another feminist scholar in the 1979. In the fierce attack, Lorde criticized clearly the white feminist erasure of the voices and experiences of the women of color hence a realization of a women’s liberation through the conference The discrimination between educated and classy white women, the women of color is clear as indicated in the two books. They openly shows how the black women have been sidelined basing on race and gender making the black women be invisible while making them appear as mere objects. They have fought through activism, in conferences and through scholarships to attain education. This has lead to a forced indictment of the racism from the white class feminism movements. In the book sisters of yam, hooks examines the theories and complicates the notion that black women are obliged to stand in unity with their fellow counterparts even when their female counterparts ignore them and their experiences. The outright assumption that the black women must align and conform themselves with the women movements but not be heard is a notion that is overtaken by time. The women also framed their lives for the better through organized protests

TIS Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TIS Reflective Report - Essay Example The second concept is while the ideology of supply chains is crucial to the success of any business, few firms have paid less attention to this and in turn they have limited this concept to the supply chain that take place within the four corners of their business. Consequently, this has led to disjointed and inefficient supply chains. From the tutorial, analysis of Wal-Mart Chain Supply Management System was carried out also with consideration of the enterprise. The learning brought out the implementation to US. The research methods that were used brought out the plans that the supply system has used to ensure that goals are attained. In the research, more could be done to bring out the effect of the supply chain on the consumers, the impact of the supply chain to other competitors. Improvement of the supply chain was also not learned and is an important aspect in the supply chain management. There are lessons that were learned from the learning style. From the research that was carried, it was learned that there is need to become information literate. In order for one to carry out an effective research, there is need to use effective information technology and other techniques that one is good at. Research skills also entail reading of complicated texts and bringing them to an individual’s understanding. One may think that there is no difficulty in reading but in carrying out a research, there is need to properly analyse the texts that one reads. General sources are not always needed in research as was brought out. In the research, general sources do not give out the expected results and data that are needed for analysis. They are mainly used in gaining of context. The research brought out the importance of what to use in referencing. In referencing, there is need for aiming on the credibility of sources basing on the requirements that are needed in the research. Referencing in this way will

Environmental Projects NYC Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Projects NYC - Term Paper Example The three sub basins identified cuts across in excess of 35countries. The environmental context of this basin is of great concern since its water quality has been comprised from time to time. Numerous geological surveys have been conducted all over New York to address environmental issues, and the water quality of this basin is one of the identified environmental issues in New York. This paper is meant to assess the problem of water quality in the basin basing its argument on the applicability of geosciences in understanding and addressing the problem. This problem is brought about by the environmental setting of the basin. The basin occurs in an environment setting that allows massive land use in all the areas that the basin lies on. Application of Geosciences in Understanding and Addressing the Water Quality Issue in the Hudson River Basin Sediments in the stream bottom Geological studies have been conducted in the basin for quite some time now. It has been established that the urb an streams of the basin as well as on other rivers of the basin have considerable levels of stream sediments. These sediments are mostly found on the bottom of the stream. The presence of these sediments has comprised the water quality in the basin due to the fact they raise metal concentration in the water. The metals have also led to the concentration of chemicals resulting from water-metal reactions, for example the polychlorinated biphenyls (Levinton & Waldman 39). The water quality in the basin has as a result deteriorated, evidenced by the fact that the above mentioned concentrations have exceeded the predetermined and set standards of water quality. In addressing this problem, the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) has put measures in place that are aimed at reducing concentration levels in the basin. Part of the basin that lies within urban areas is said to carry large amounts of zinc, lead and mercury. In fact, these levels of concentration exceed those set by the Ne w York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). In this regard, the two agencies have initiated programs that are designed to sensitize the locals about the need to reduce metal concentrations in the water. Although the drinking water quality is still observed, there are concerns that the basin could turn unsafe for human consumption if stern measures are not taken. On this note, de-concentration actions by environmental agencies have been established to deal with this issue. Geosciences experts and professionals have been engaged in the process in order to fully observe such progresses and correct mishaps that may be realized in the course. Stream ecology The Hudson River Basin is characterized by many social and economic activities. Some parts of the basin remains undisturbed but where encroachment has occurred, many activities are conducted. This due tot the fact that the basic’s hydrological potential; exceeds that many other basins in New York. On the sam e note, the basin is characteristic of numerous rivers and tributaries that make up its interconnectedness. This special feature of the basin has attracted many local into farming activities, alongside harboring many animal species like fish and invertebrates. Intolerant animal species have so far been absent in the river, denoting aspects of unfavorable environment. Human encroachment along the basin can be cited as a reason for this. Studies done on the water quality

Long Span Roof Construction

Long Span Roof Construction 1.0 INTRODUCTION A roof, which is the one of the most essential parts of a building, is the covering on the uppermost part of the building that protects the building and its contents from the effects of weather i.e. rainfall, heat, sunlight, cold and wind depending on the nature and intended design of the building (Wiki n.d; Foster and Greeno 2007). The span of a roof is a major consideration amongst other factors including functional requirements and considerations of speed and economy of erection. This can be classified in relative terms as short (up to 7.5m), medium (7.5 m 25m) and long-span (over 25m) according to (Foster and Greeno 2007). The focus of this report will be on long-span roof structures. The idea of utilizing long-span roofing systems in structures was probably developed based on a need to satisfy aesthetical as well as functional requirements of particular buildings such that a balance is reached. Buttressed by Indianetzone Constructions (n.d) opinion, a span is considered to be long-span when as a consequence of its size; technical considerations are placed so high on the list of architectural priorities such that they significantly affect the aesthetic treatment of the building. Long-span buildings create unobstructed, column-free spaces greater than 30 metres (100 feet) for a variety of functions. These include activities where visibility is important for large audiences (auditoriums and stadia), where flexibility is important (exhibition halls and certain types of manufacturing facility) and places where movable objects are housed (Indianetzone Construction n.d). Pushing the boundaries of long span structures has always been a field of interest to the public as well as to professional engineers. Of course lightweight and long-span are relative terms and greatly influenced by the materials used and the technology of the times. Westminster Hall was a huge feat of engineering in the 14th century and in the 19th century; St Pancras station roof was the largest span in the UK for many years. These spans seem very modest now with roofs spanning 200 or 300 m and bridges reaching several kilometers!'(Liddell 2007). An example of a novel long-span roof designed by the architect Edward Durell Stone in the 1950s based on the steel cables used in suspension bridges was the U.S. Pavilion at the 1958 Brussels Worlds Fair (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica 2010). 2.0 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF ROOFING SYSTEMS It is known that a roof primarily provides a covering over an enclosure, protecting it from the external environmental influence and action by wind, sunlight, snow, temperature, rainfall and other harsh climatic effects. In order to adequately support the actions of these natural disturbances imposed on it by the prevailing environmental conditions including the likely futuristic effect of climate change, the roof has to be efficiently designed to satisfy certain functional requirements as outlined in the work by (Foster and Greeno 2007; Harrison et al. 2009). These include the following: Strength and stability, which is vital to the performance of the structure as a whole. Weather resistance including prevention and discharge of rain, snow and condensation. Thermal resistance involving regulating internal environments by solar heat loss balance, air temperatures, energy conservation and ventilation. Fire resistance including fire safety measures and/or precautions to keep distribution of fire from source at a minimum and provision of adequate lighting. Sound insulation involving maintaining adequate noise levels. 2.1 Strength and stability The roof system functions to provide a great deal of structural rigidity and stiffness in buildings and other areas where they may be applied. A simple case is the tying effect the roof gives to simple buildings with short clear spans where the roof tends to hold the load-bearing walls together such that they do not tear apart. The situation is seemingly different and more difficult to handle when the area of space to be covered by the roof increases in dimensions. According to (Foster and Greeno 2007), the main factor affecting the selection of materials employed in the design of a particular roof system chosen from a wide range of roof types is the span. Principles of modern building (1961) as cited in Harrison et al. (2009) states that there are three basic structural systems that can be used over an opening: the chain, the arch and the beam, of which the chain is the best form for supporting loads over long spans. According to them, roofs can be made out of secondary systems derived by a careful mix of these three basic systems. However, every roof needs to be sufficiently strong to carry the self-weight of the structure together with the intermittent loads for example those due to environmental effect (e.g snow or wind) or maintenance and it must do this without undue distortion or damage to the building, whether perceptible or imperceptible to its occupants. (Harrison et al. 2009). These expectations are codified in provisions contained in various national building regulations including the Building Regulations 2000 as cited in the work by (Harrison et al. 2009), which is specifically for application in England and Wales. A cursory look at the history of roof performance in existing buildings (Harrison et al. 2009) dating back to the eighteenth century, considering the effect of loading reveals that prehistoric dwellings recorded a relatively low performance with respect to the overall loading compared to more recent roof systems (Table 1). This is probably due to advancement in research and technology in this area. Data from a national house condition survey conducted in England as cited by (Harrison et al. 2009) in Tables 2 and 3 respectively shows details of structural problems recorded in dwellings more than a decade before 2006 and within the year 2006. All over the world, engineers and builders are constantly faced with the challenge of establishing cost-effective, adaptable solutions in the design of roof systems to support the loads that come on them. The aim is to seek and find the optimum, economically-feasible method of transferring loads on the roofs to the supporting super-structure beneath over spans of variable magnitudes (Foster and Greeno 2007). They further argue that, in order to make huge cost savings in materials utilized in the design and construction of the roof, a balance has to be reached such that there is an overall reduction in the total dead load to be carried by the roof, which will result in a situation where light weight materials carry majorly imposed loads over great spans. With the reduction in the total load to be carried by the roof, materials are saved and smaller, lighter sections can be used to support loads over long spans. This however, will have significant implications on the serviceability req uirements of deflection, which must be checked during design of the roof structure. As a corollary to this weight effect, (Foster and Greeno 2007) pointed out that one of the inherent structural difficulties in the design of long-span roof structures is reducing the dead/live load ratio, expressed as load per square metre of area covered by the roof, to a safe level thereby improving the efficiency of maximum load carried. Following their argument, increase in spans of roof systems generally result in significant increase in the dead weight of the roof which will lead to a corresponding increase in the ratio and an overall decrease in the efficiency loads carried by the structure. However, these problems can be solved by keeping two key factors as discussed by (Foster and Greeno 2007) in mind when making choice of materials to be employed in the design: the characteristics of the material to be used including the strength, stiffness and weight and the form or shape of the roof. They argued that if the strength is high, smaller volume of material is required to carry loads; also if the stiffness is high the depth of section required will be small as the material will deform under small impact loads; finally, a lightweight material will result in an overall reduction in the weight of the structure. These factors, if carefully considered in the selection of materials will help to develop the most efficient load carrying system where the dead/live load ratio is reduced to a minimum. Another important action apart from effects of weight which is critical in the design of roof structures is wind effect. Gales, extremely strong winds, pose adverse effects on buildings especially roofs in the UK (Harrison et al. 2009). Records by them show that since the wake of the early 90s up till now, about 1.1million houses have affected adversely by gales. This resulted in marked modifications in the codes of practice to give a more robust code BS 6399 Part 2 as cited in (Harrison et al. 2009) for wind load calculations on roof, which takes into consideration various building parameters necessary for a good design unlike the previous publications. The application of the code in the design of roof ensure that certain factors like velocity of wind, height of building ground level, locality of the building, altitude, gust, wind direction and seasonal factors (Foster and Greeno 2007; Harrison et al. 2009). There is some evidence (Foster and Greeno 2007) that wind pressure and suc tion has a harmful effect on roofs supported by buildings especially on the windward end where its effect is greatly felt. As such, for lightweight roofs particularly ones with distinct overhangs, the uplift is extremely undesirable and should be designed with careful consideration given to the joints and connections to the ties, walls and columns as the case may be to prevent the roof from being thrown off (Foster and Greeno 2007). 2.2 Weather resistance As may be given in the provisions of the Building Regulations (2000) document H3 for England and Wales as cited in Harrison et al. (2009), a roof should be adequately designed to perform such that there is zero-tolerance on seepage of rainfall, snow and/or any form of moisture into buildings. In order to achieve this, Harrison et al. (2009) suggests that drainage systems (gutters) with adequate drain capacities be installed in line with the provisions of the building regulations above by considering factors such as: the rainfall intensities (litres/sec/m2), the orientation of the roof and the effective drained surface area. Furthermore, they stressed that the orientation of the gutters should be such that it slopes to the closest drain outlet to prevent excessive loading of the structure in the event of an overspill. They recommend that in cases where overspills are expected, adequate provisions should be made for the design of the drain in accordance with the performance requirement s as stated in BS EN12056-3 and design guidance including testing, maintenance and commissioning in BS 8490 both cited in (Harrison et al. 2009). 2.3 Thermal resistance Thermal resistance of a roof, which could also be expressed as thermal insulation is a key consideration made in the design of roof so as to strike a perfect balance between prevention of heat loss and removal of excessive undesirable heat from dwellings when necessary. Thermal performance of any roof is an important requirement for the design of roof against thermal effects (Harrison et al. 2009). These requirements as encapsulated in the new Approved Document (AD) L as cited in (Harrison et al. 2009) are to be adopted in a more flexible way in a bid to conserving energy, promoting more energy-efficient buildings and roofs as well as reaching carbon emission targets as stipulated in the relevant standards. This, as stipulated by (Harrison et al. 2009) can be maintained by installation of roof lights and roof windows. For the case of solar radiation on roofs (Harrison et al. 2009) has suggested that the roof materials should be ones with reflective surfaces such that in periods of su mmer where the intensity of the sun radiation on the earth is greater consequent upon the effect of global warming, there is an overall reduction in heat absorption transmitted to the interior parts of the building. 2.4 Fire resistance The major safety requirement for roofs is to reach an optimum performance that fire attack will not immediately bring down the roof and will not affect all other parts as in a domino effect (Harrison et al. 2009). The requirement for dealing with roof fires as cited by (Harrison et al. 2009) is covered by test methods in BS 476-3. This test procedure determines the fire performance in roofs by effects of penetration and spread of flame which is denoted by two letters. In order to prevent fire, (Harrison et al. 2009) have stipulated quick guidance for fire protection including cavity barriers, smoke detectors, sprinklers and smoke extraction systems, which help to maintain an acceptable level of fire safety. 2.5 Sound insulation Unwanted sound, which could be termed as noise can be undesirable to dwellers especially when it emanates from an external source. Sound level which is described on a logarithmic scale in decibels (dB) vary in loudness, frequency and time (Harrison et al. 2009). They opined that noise could arise from various weather generated sources like rain, snow, sun, wind or hail. However, they pointed out that these effects can be controlled by applying some general noise reduction principles like coating the underside of the roof with a thicker layer of a weaker material, damping and introduction of PTFE washers between joints. 3.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS/GUIDE ROOF ONSTRUCTION/ERECTION (Griffis 2004) highlights some of the factors which should be taken into account in the design and construction of long-span roofs. He equally outlined strategies, knowledge of which in addition to a pretty good understanding of the structural behaviour of long span structures and careful implementation, will reduce the incidence of collapse of long span structures as well as eliminate some of the concomitant problems of erection of long span structures. These strategies are presented below: Major project personnel and their roles and responsibilities should be identified at the start of the project in order to determine the correct chain of command and reporting hierarchy This will ensure that proper project management procedures are applied to prevent friction amongst parties concerned, eliminate budget overruns and ensure that project delivery timelines are met. It is advisable to involve the fabricator/erector team at the start of the project This will not only be beneficial to the project cost and time schedules but also enable the team adequately familiarize themselves with certain construction requirements, specifications and details which have been prepared in line with the codes of practice at design stage. These include, but are not limited to agreement on the grade of steel, connection type, bolt size and grade, welding procedures and processes, erection sequence and method, paint type and construction deviation allowances. Huge overall cost savings can be made on the structure from materials used in the construction e.g steel by employing high strength steel of the best quality such that light weight materials are used. Adequate environmental studies should be conducted and results of these should be employed in the estimation of the wind and snow load on the structure. Accuracy of load estimation has a long-term saving effect in cost of the structure. Whether using reinforced concrete or purely steel work, struts and truss chord of the roof structure should be framed in order to produce light weight structures. It is never advisable to use movement joints in roof structure because of the inherent difficulties it brings along. Allowance should always be made in the initial design of the roof system to take into cognizance additional dead loads which may arise from replacement of roof cladding and other materials in the future. Careful thought should be given to factors such as material shrinkage, support settlements and temperature effect including erection processes when making initial designs and construction planning procedures. So long as the architectural shape and line of vision of the roof structure is not impaired, much attention should not be paid to deflections and camber effects of long span roofs. Careful treatment should be given to diaphragm stresses, choice of diaphragm bracing of structural members and diaphragm attachment, which are important for resisting lateral effects of wind and seismic loads by reaching a decision on the system to use based on considerations of economy and risk. Bolted field connections on shop-welded/built steel members are always the best and should be employed in the construction of long span roof systems. This is good practice which can reduce delays and downtime in construction leading to timely completion of project. In as much as the designer needs to start communicating with the fabricator early enough to incorporate shop practices to support design calculations, he should never allow the fabricator to take on his primary responsibility of designing the roof system. This may result in conflicts on site. For simplicity of design/details and avoidance of confusion on site, steel sections should be selected such that one size fits all! This will reduce overall cost of materials and facilitate fabrication. Where possible a detailed documented erection method should be outlined to ensure clarity to all parties concerned and uniformity of installation procedure. The structural engineer should bear in mind that any structure designed should be analyzed and that built should be designed. Also he must ensure that careful supervision of the erection process on site is carried out properly to confirm that results of the design are reflected on site. 4.0 PROBLEMS WITH LONG SPAN ERECTION/CONSTRUCTION. The design of long span structures for erection with constructability in mind often poses challenges on the designers which are related to both technological and aesthetical aspects (Kawaguchi 1991). Some of the key questions a designer should find answers to in order to overcome these challenges as outlined by Ruby (2007) are: What is the loading trajectory for the structural system to be developed? How can the productive use of the structural members in terms of span, size, quantity of shop pieces and constructability be optimized? How can the bracing system determined from a structural perspective be efficiently incorporated into the initial architectural layout? How can shop fabrication be efficiently utilized to reduce haulage cost, if it will be shipped and not field-built? What will be most effective construction flow order? At what strategic locations would ephemeral bracings be placed while construction and erection is still in progress? How will the determined construction flow order be applied to minimize the use of temporary props for truss during erection? All these questions, carefully evaluated will guide the designer in preparing functional designs which can easily be integrated in the construction and erection process to achieve the best results at reduced overall costs with prompt project delivery. A look at the typical problems associated with long span roof construction will be presented below using a case study of a large single storey building with long span roof as presented by Khup (2009). 4.1 Description of the entire structure This case study illustrates the construction of a large single-storey, long-span industrial building with external dimensions 200m x 60m. The 10.8m high roof which is sustained by rc beams and columns is a 59m span structure with 29 individual steel components at 10.8m maximum height. Main members were double angle steel sections connected back to back. 4.2 Erection of the truss The truss as shown in Figure 4 below was erected by lifting truss units, 3 at a time, to the required height starting from the centre of the building and effectively supporting adjacent truss units against each other while providing temporary shoring towers for props at the bottom chords of the truss assembly. 4.3 Analysis of the failure Shortly after the first two trusses were erected, they failed and all came down Figure 5 shows the details. The immediate cause of the catastrophic collapse of the slender truss was the removal of the temporary shoring towers soon after installation of the truss in position. Some of the remote causes include: commencing installation at the centre of the building rather than at the firm gable end wall, omission of a number of tie beams and purlins close to the shoring towers in order to create allowance for the great lift, non-utilization of temporary diagonal bracings to provide sufficient lateral support and torsional rigidity considering the slender nature of the truss, no continuity in the web angle cleats at the knee-joint support due to obstruction from the holding-down bolts at that point which made the support behave as a pin-joint, eccentric loading and non-uniform distribution of stresses and forces at the joints due to the irregular order of construction, angle cleats which connects the purlins to the truss as well as all key truss members were not provided as a continuous strip along the its length to hold the double angles in position and omission of a diagonal strut which made the truss collapse/fail in flexure. 4.3 Lessons learned Khup (2009) has drawn out learning points for further action which could be noted for correction and application in future jobs. These are: The effect of overall dimensions and section properties of the truss must be considered when dealing with trusses to avoid issues linked with torsion and lateral Adequate site monitoring and effective supervision should be the ultimate responsibility of the engineer as has been highlighted as one of the design considerations given earlier in this report by (Griffis 2004) to ensure erection is done to design specification. Members with slender forms e.g. purlins with angle sections should be properly battened along its entire length to provide sufficient stiffness and braced for lateral stability. Temporary props, if used for erection of the truss should be supported on relatively rigid members like concrete cores within the building frame. All shoring towers should be designed against accidental lateral or gravity loads that may occur during erection of the truss. Details of connections at joints should be clearly provided such that there are no eccentric moments arising from induced forces as result of misinterpretation of details by the fabricators. 5.0 DESIGN GUIDANCE FOR LONG-SPAN ROOF SYSTEMS 5.1 Structural design rules For the design of roof systems, The Corus (2010) has recommended BS 5950-6 (1995) for full design rules and test procedures used by various manufacturers of roof systems, the basis on which the respective load/span tables are generated. The design rules for metal roof cladding systems have not yet been included in the Eurocode 3 published earlier in the year, April, 2010. As a guide for assisting engineers and practitioners especially in the UK to make quick, approximate designs for their roof systems, reference can be made to BS5950-6 (1995) as cited in (Corus 2010). 5.2 Loading limits Designs will be done normally based on the flexural strength at ultimate limit states and deflection will be checked to ensure that it is satisfactory at serviceability states by applying the appropriate serviceability loads such that the roof system performs satisfactorily and fulfils its intended purpose without collapse during its entire design life (Corus 2010) 5.3 Serviceability and deflection limits (Corus 2010) advices that significant distortions or deflections in the structure is absolutely undesirable and must be checked at design stage in order to prevent complications such as: Poor drainage systems and ponding in specific locations Damage to sealants at overlap sections of the roof system Excessive strains at regions of overlaps or other interconnected parts such as interior coverings General external deformations or distortion in the regular shape or profile of the roof systems. Corus (2010) has specified, according to the code BS 5950 Part6 (1995), the permissible values of deflection for satisfying the serviceability limits as shown in the Table 4 below. A limiting value of L/200 is however recommended for use where L is the span which is a function of the span of the structure as will be obtained from the load/span tables used by the respective manufacturer of the particular roof system employed in construction. 5.4 Ultimate limit states At ultimate limit states, the critical load or the worst load case is used to determine the design value of load at failure where the material yield or the structure collapses. Corus (2010) has specified two likely modes of failure: tensile fracture and compressive buckling, concluding that the probability of the former occurring is close to zero while the latter is prevalent in web-strengthened flanges subjected to high compressive stress levels leading to buckling at yield. This must be taken into account when carrying out design calculations. For shear, Corus (2010) documented that shear failure is improbable for small sections of long span members but could be present in deeper sections especially when used over short spans. This can be controlled by use of web stiffeners. 5.5 Roof load calculations 5.5.1 Concentrated imposed load Though relevant software packages are now available for calculation of these loads, Corus (2010) has specified quick guidance for calculating loads from human activities in line with provisions of BS 6399-3 as cited in (Corus 2010): Roof with access (for maintenance purposes only) greater of 0.9kN or effective snow load Roof load for all purpose access greater of 1.8kN or the effective snow load. 5.5.2 Dead load Load due to the self weight of the entire roof system which acts downwards like a gravity load. 5.5.3 Uniform imposed load This relates to snow loading which is extremely difficult to calculate due to the variability of meteorological data. Corus (2010) suggests that extra concern should be given to estimation of this load especially for application at altitudes greater than 500m. As cited in (Corus 2010), BS 6399-3 (1988) is the recommended code for calculating uniform imposed loading on roof systems. 5.5.4 Wind load Wind force has two momentous effects: the positive lateral imposed wind pressure acting on the walls and the negative vertical suction pressure acting majorly on the roof (Foster and Greeno 2007). Roof system as such must be designed against these effects. BS 6399-2(1997 or 2002 latest version) as cited in (Corus 2010) is the recommended code for calculating these loads. 5.6 Design loads Corus (2010) has summarized a quick reference in Table 5 for determining design loads to be applied to buildings by confirming the relevant load case and calculating the design load using the worst loading situation: Loading combination/situation Load case Wind load (imposed or suction) Snow load (uniformly distributed or redistributed) Uniformly distributed load (kN/m2) Concentrated load (kN) Roof with access Determined from BS 6399 Part 2 Determined from BS 6399 Part3 1.5 1.8 Roof without access Determined from BS 6399 Part 2 Determined from BS 6399 Part3 0.6 0.9 Walls Determined from BS 6399 Part 2

Tienanmen Square: Where was the Violence? :: essays research papers

Were civilian casualties more extensive inside or outside of Tiananmen Square on June 4th, 1989? A) Plan of Investigation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bloodshed at Tiananmen Square in Beijing shocked the world. As a result of large-scale Chinese cover-up the public knew little about the deaths that occurred on the morning of June 4th 1989. The aim of this investigation is to find out where the casualties were most extensive. The information needed to answer this question would not be provided for 11 years after which documents began to surface helping explain the unknown tragedy. U.S. government documents surrounding the event were finally declassified. But even more importantly a collection of Chinese documents known as The Tiananmen Papers were leaked out of China. The research for this investigation comes from these two sets of documents. By analyzing both the US and China accounts, similarities and inconstancies will be identified and examined in an effort to find the most plausible answer. B) Summary of Evidence 1. On the Brink On the night of June 3rd, 1989 the communist nation China was on the brink of collapse. For months the capital city was saturated with millions of pro-democracy demonstrators. Students, intellectuals, and civilians had set up their democratic stronghold in the symbolic center of the country, Tiananmen Square. The overwhelming animosity against the communist party had shut down the nation, and embarrassed its leaders. The senior members of the Chinese politburo demanded that this uprising be subdued and disbanded. After months of fruitless efforts to resolve the matter peacefully the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) was dispatched to clear Tiananmen Square and to put an end to the ever expanding trouble. The soldiers were instructed to be extremely disciplined, opening fire as the last resort (Liang, 370.) Additionally no bloodshed would be allowed in the Square itself because of its important symbolism. 2. To the Square The United States first received news about the violence in Beijing in a message from the US embassy in Beijing on the night of June 3rd 1989. The document reported that the PLA was using violent force to remove protestors as they moved on Tiananmen Square. Chinese tanks, APCs, trucks, and soldiers had met sizable civilian resistance. Thousands of protestors blockaded the PLA pelting the army with rocks, bottles, and molotov cocktails (Evans, Document 12.) Some proceeded to overturn and destroy military vehicles. Soldiers using automatic weapons fired into the mass of protestors. Demonstrators fell back slowly, continuing to fight for seven hours.

The Fashion Indistries Affect on Body Image

Have you ever looked at yourself in the mirror and felt disappointed? Or thought to yourself, â€Å"l wish I looked like them? † We may sometimes have an idea in our mind of what we think we should look like, compared to how we actually look. This is called body image dissatisfaction, otherwise known as a negative view upon ourselves. Body image issues are relevant all around the world. They impact both men and women of varied ages. These negative thoughts about ourselves can be influenced by many things, including the fashion industry. But how does fashion media impact our body image issues?Celebrities in the media can impact us negatively, but they don't always have to be negative influences, they can be positive too, as well as different types of media may alter the opinions we have on ourselves. The image that individuals have of their body is largely determined by social influences. From an early age we are exposed to images and messages that reinforce the idea that to be happy and successful, we must be thin. Seeing celebrities that we admire ND aspire to look like can often make us feel dissatisfied with our physical appearance.Celebrities who are super skinny and always dressed nicely make us think twice about the way we look and might contribute to an eating disorder or low self-esteem. 97% of women admit to having at least one â€Å"l hate my body' moment each day (Media Influence, 2012). There are always stories of celebrities losing weight to fulfill what the media wants them to look like, because if they are not â€Å"perfect†, the criticism can be very harsh. They will go to the gym, diet, possibly even starve themselves to make these changes.Since we look up to these people, we think we need to do the same. We believe that we must also be slim, small-framed, and have wide hips but a tiny waist to be beautiful, which is unrealistic and very sad. â€Å"The fashion industry simply loves a skinny young girl. And for the average woman, fashion media continues to deliver a brutal, frustrating fantasy' (Giving, R. , 2012). But, fashion and media don't always have a negative impact, they can most definitely eve a positive one too. To some, certain celebrities may be an inspiration or a role model when it comes to body image issues.If you idealize a celebrity who doesn't give in to such pressures when dealing with weight, it has potential help you feel better about yourself knowing that they believe that we should all feel beautiful and comfortable in our own skin. It can also lead us to want to follow in their footsteps, which involves being true to you. Jennifer Lawrence says she refuses to ‘be hungry to aka other people happy' when discussing her weight (Watkins, J. , 2013). It's celebrities like her that send a positive message to the general public about body image and being confident.Stars like Kelly Clarion, Jessica Alba, and Mary Kate Olsen have all battled with eating disorders. They admit that the pre ssure to be skinny in the Hollywood world of fame led them to binge, purge and restrict themselves to a certain amount of calories. Although it is very unfortunate that people in our society feel they need to do these things, them coming out about with heir stories and seeking help to be healthy again can allow anyone in the general public to feel that they too should get help and become healthy, which demonstrates learning to be confident in who you are.Positive and negative impacts can also come from different types of media that are open to and shared with the public. Television advertisements, billboards, magazines, and interviews are all examples of ways we can see what is going on in the world of fashion and fame that can either leave us dissatisfied with ourselves, or feeling empowered. The positive side to these are that we are able to connect with celebrities on a personal level if they have experienced body image issues, but fashion's impact on us is seen to be far more ne gative. 0% of commercials aimed at women mention physical attractiveness, a People magazine survey showed that 80% of female respondents felt that women in movies and television programs made them feel insecure about their bodies (Media Influence, 2012) , and the more that teens think about the images they see in magazines and compare themselves radically to them, the more likely they are to have problems with body image and each disorders (Curious, 2011).A study showed that â€Å"sixty-nine percent of the girls reported that magazine pictures influence their idea of the perfect body shape, and 47 percent reported wanting to lose weight because of magazine pictures† (Field, 2000). Many people would call the negative impact media has on us, â€Å"fashion's full figured failure† simply because we have failed to see that we do not need to look like the skinniest actress and we do not need to be a size O to be beautiful.Celebrities have a strong negative influence on us, b ut they also have a very comforting positive impact. The images and messages we see through different forms of media have the opportunity to corrupt our minds, or build us up to be confident individuals. You have to define your own type of beauty and ensure that you feel good about yourself, which is hard to do when you're in a world full of comparison. The struggle of body image issues is very important and is something to be discussed amongst everyone.

Free Essays on Depression in Young Adults

Depression in Young Adults In today’s society, many young people are faced with tough decisions and adult situations. With so much stress on our shoulders, young people may easily become depressed. Adolescent depression is a greatly under diagnosed disease that leads to serious difficulty in school and personal life. Depression is usually under-diagnosed because many children and young adults are not always able to express how they feel. During adolescence, many teens and children are very unsure of what is going on in their lives. Because of puberty and changes in hormones, teens may feel depressed over a typical teenage situation (ex. breaking up with ones boyfriend or girlfriend) and may not realize that what they are feeling is normal for someone of their age. A person needs to be mentally healthy in order to learn and function properly with their family and society in general. Achieving good mental health may sometimes be difficult depending upon the severity of the state of depression. Man ! y times medication is prescribed to help with the depression, but medication isn’t always the only answer. Along with the proper prescribed medication, a person suffering from depression should seek professional counseling and have their family be aware of the normal symptoms of depression. It takes more than just the diagnosed to help cure the problem. Depression has a wide range of symptoms, from being sad or mad to withdrawn, or lashing out at others. Symptoms of youth depression are often masked. Instead of expressing sadness, teenagers may express boredom and irritability, or may choose to engage in risky behaviors. Other emotional problems make it hard to recognize depression in a child, but usually overlap with depression. A depressed child may also have a conduct disorder, in which the child consistently violates rules that may be inappropriate for his or her age. Symptoms for this include bullying, stealing, ... Free Essays on Depression in Young Adults Free Essays on Depression in Young Adults Depression in Young Adults In today’s society, many young people are faced with tough decisions and adult situations. With so much stress on our shoulders, young people may easily become depressed. Adolescent depression is a greatly under diagnosed disease that leads to serious difficulty in school and personal life. Depression is usually under-diagnosed because many children and young adults are not always able to express how they feel. During adolescence, many teens and children are very unsure of what is going on in their lives. Because of puberty and changes in hormones, teens may feel depressed over a typical teenage situation (ex. breaking up with ones boyfriend or girlfriend) and may not realize that what they are feeling is normal for someone of their age. A person needs to be mentally healthy in order to learn and function properly with their family and society in general. Achieving good mental health may sometimes be difficult depending upon the severity of the state of depression. Man ! y times medication is prescribed to help with the depression, but medication isn’t always the only answer. Along with the proper prescribed medication, a person suffering from depression should seek professional counseling and have their family be aware of the normal symptoms of depression. It takes more than just the diagnosed to help cure the problem. Depression has a wide range of symptoms, from being sad or mad to withdrawn, or lashing out at others. Symptoms of youth depression are often masked. Instead of expressing sadness, teenagers may express boredom and irritability, or may choose to engage in risky behaviors. Other emotional problems make it hard to recognize depression in a child, but usually overlap with depression. A depressed child may also have a conduct disorder, in which the child consistently violates rules that may be inappropriate for his or her age. Symptoms for this include bullying, stealing, ...

Borne By, Borne On, and Borne With

Borne By, Borne On, and Borne With Borne By, Borne On, and Borne With Borne By, Borne On, and Borne With By Maeve Maddox The English word bear has so many definitions and uses that it could provide fodder for several posts. This article is about the use of the past participle borne followed by a preposition. Here is the odd usage in my local newspaper that prompted this post: there’s blame to be borne on everyone. I looked on the Web to see if anyone else was using â€Å"borne on† in this way. I found these examples: [Lack of fresh food] leads to lower lifespans in these areas, higher healthcare costs borne on everyone and general malaise. And, we had people opting out of the system and waiting until they got sick to charge ER costs that were ultimately borne on everyone else.   If you have seen the documentary The Corporation, you will be familiar with the economics term externalities which are the external costs of any enterprise which are borne on everyone else but the enterprise itself. Today most people think that [the expense of] having children should be borne on everyone else. Blame and expense are borne by people, not on them. Here are examples of the correct use of borne followed by the prepositions with, on, and by: His wife has borne with his faults for fifty years. The returning war hero was borne on the shoulders of two burly police officers. The price increase was borne by consumers. Borne is more poetic than mere carried. Fitzgerald used the word in the closing line of The Great Gatsby: So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. Borne often has the connotation that whatever is being carried–literally or figuratively– requires great effort: Over the casket the great flag that had draped it [was] held widespread in the hands of the eight petty officers who had borne the heavy weight to its place. She is a woman who  has borne disappointment  all her life. Borne is used as a suffix to create words that have the sense of being carried or distributed: Water-borne diseases are any illness caused by drinking water contaminated by human or animal faeces, which contain pathogenic microorganisms. High in the sky, water in clouds can act as a temptress to lure  airborne pollutants  such as sulfur dioxide into reactive aqueous particulates. The speaker who said, â€Å"There’s blame to be borne on everyone† was mixing up two ideas. Blame is placed on someone, but, once placed, blame is borne by the person blamed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†Expanded and Extended

Explain how to study a new language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Explain how to study a new language - Essay Example most applicable to learning foreign language in consideration that this paper looks at how it can be influenced by psychological factors include the use of Mnemonics to link words or the use of ‘town language’ or the roman room system. To begin, the use of linking technique is widely used by many fast learners. It is applicable when the learner is able to associate images or events in the native language and use it as a reference for another word in the new language. In this way, remembering the word may be easy since it will only be linked with a certain image. The second technique, on the other hand, involves the association of the words with everyday things or images that the learner interacts with often. In effect, the learner is able to use his or her surrounding environment to develop his study by assigning names of certain words in the foreign language to such objects, places or experiences. Consequently, for the mentioned techniques to be effective, the learner m ust identify common words. After the identification of the language of interest, it is important to identify the common words that are used in everyday conversation. These words will act as a checklist for application during speaking. As a result, it is important that the leaner identifies the most appropriate materials and tools for learning. In cases where the leaner is in a country where that language is not often used, it is even important to use a tutor who may have experience and therefore guide the learner mostly in identifying and using common words. It is equally important to appreciate the culture of the natives of the new language to be studied. Language and culture are inseparable and therefore it is important to appreciate the cultural background of the new language of interest. Culture is connected with the pronunciation, non verbal as well as other verbal components of speech. In addition, it is through working with the natives of the language that one gets to understand how

Hewlett Packard Computers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hewlett Packard Computers - Term Paper Example Current market factors as well as projected consumer demand for computer products are assessed in light of industry opportunities and threats. The analysis compares Hewlett Packard’s overall marketing effectiveness with two of its major competitors; Dell and Apple. A number of critical issues are raised for consideration by the President and members of the company’s Board of Directors. Founded in 1939 by Bill Hewitt and Dave Packard, Hewlett Packard had its beginnings in a garage in Palo Alto, California and was later transformed into one of the world’s leading manufacturers and distributors of multi-media technology products and services (hp.com). Today, Hewlett Packard has five global regional offices serving sixty-eight countries and is the second largest technology company in the world behind Samsung. The company’s 2009 net revenues were $114.9 billion with operating profits of $10.1 billion. Sixty-four percent of net revenue was derived from operations located outside of the United States (Annual Report, 2009). The company’s core operations continue to relate to the sale of network and server platforms to businesses and government institutions and personal computers and printers. Recently, the company has attempted to develop and market its technology services division which provides technology systems design and engineering protocols for business. Since 2004, Hewlett Packard has invested in excess of $17 billion in research and product development and an additional $20 billion in the acquisition of technology-related companies such as Compaq and Palm that are intended to enhance the mission of HP (Consolidated Financial Statements, 2009). The company is governed by a twelve member Board of Directors which includes Mark Hurd as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. There are nine Executive Vice-Presidents. The responsibility for corporate marketing falls under Chris Curtin, Vice-President, Digital

Kite Runner of Khaled Hosseini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kite Runner of Khaled Hosseini - Essay Example Comparison between Amir and Hassan The comparison between Amir and Hassan shows that Amir is a jealous person as opposed to Hassan. This is because, whenever Amir sees his father loving Hassan more than him, he gets jealous. As a result, he seeks methods aimed at attracting his father’s affection by trying hard and winning the local kite-running tournament. To ensure that he remains alone with his in their home, he frames Hassan as a thief by planting some money and a watch under his mattress so that when his father finds out Hassan is a thief, he will force him out of the family. In addition to jealousy, Amir is cold and a coward. For instance, when Hassan takes long after going to look for the blue kite, he goes searching for him and when he finds him in the hands of Assef who bullies Hassan and sexually abuses him, he does not help him (36). Besides, he hides and watches helplessly but thinking if he does get the blue kite to his father, he will approve him. In the other en d, Hassan is a true successful kite runner. Hassan is also a brave boy and loving friend. For instance, when Assef tries to attack Amir, he steps forward to defend Amir simply because he is brave and a caring friend for he defends his closest friend Amir. Similarities between Amir and Hassan The novel portrays Amir and Hassan as closest friends despite Hassan being a Hazarajat and therefore not allowed to stay close to Amir traditionally. The novel gives a number of similarities between Amir and Hassan. For example, within the context of their close friendship just as portrayed in part of the novel, it is deducible that both Amir and Hassan are friendly (44). Hassan is a Hazarajat and their tradition does not approve of his friendship with Amir. On the other side, Hassan does many things to help Amir due to their friendship. He defends him from bullies and helps him win the local kite-running tournament (59). All this happens because they are both friendly. When Amir returns to Paki stan after Rahim Khan who is ailing calls him, he establishes something that portrays another similarity between him and Hassan. Khan tells Amir that, for all that time he was not aware but as of that time, he knows. Khan is certain that Ali was not the true father of Hassan; his real father was Baba, Amir’s father. On that note, Amir finds out that Hassan was his half brother and they both shared the same biological father. This shows that, apart from being closest friends, they are also brothers. It is therefore agreeable that Amir and Hassan have another thing in common which is, they share the same father (64). Furthermore, both Hassan and Amir have talents. The novel portrays Hassan as a talented kite runner while Amir has talent in locating where the kite will fall even without looking. Thus, their talents are also part of the similarities that they share. How do their differences ruin their relationship? Amir and Hassan relate as friends and share the same home. Howeve r, they are not relatives. Baba, Amir’s father is rich and Amir gets almost everything that he wants. Hassan on the other hand ails from a poor family and can only get what is necessary. Since Amir feels that his father does not love him as much as he loves Hassan, he resolves to do things that ruin his relationship with Hassan. For examp

The Ideal Old Man Essay Example for Free

The Ideal Old Man Essay The initial reason for designing and constructing the Maglev vehicles was to create a car that could both carry a high number of people in a quick amount of time, and be the most cost efficient. Unfortunately for me, a high number of people would not be able to squeeze into my car. A slow, yet steady and comfortable pace made it quite obvious that my car was not in the upper echelon of the class. Instead however, it found its own identity as being ideal for an old man. Freedom rides through the countryside would be this cars specialty. In preparation for our upcoming project, we first watched a video on modern day Maglev vehicles. In the video we learned about the theories of magnets and electricity working together to form a high-speed vehicle. We learned about the futuristic possibilities of traveling from New York to Washington (without spilling your coffee) in relatively short time. The main purpose of a Maglev vehicle is for mass transportation in a quick amount of time. After we were introduced to the Maglev vehicle in the video, we proceeded to the computer lab to peruse the Internet. On the Internet, we found a variety of current Maglev vehicles. We got to check out the various speeds and performances that these particular vehicles had. In the making are some more elite types of Maglev vehicles. Perhaps someday in the near future, there will be a Maglev line running through our very own town. It was now time to plan out a strategy on the design of my car. The very first thing I sketched out was how wide the track was. A car any wider than the track would obviously not be able to run. Also, the magnets had to be a little more than an inch separated apart or else the magnets would not function properly. My completed sketch was a relatively small car that would be able to fit approximately 7-10 passengers at a time. One motor was supposed to rest on the top of the rear end and act as a propeller. Once my advisor approved my sketch, I looked for the proper materials in making my vehicle. The first thing I found was the material for my body. A light Styrofoam material was perfect for the design of my car. I cut out the proper design and also placed a shield of protection on it. Once the basic body was established, I found a base made of a hard light plastic. The plastic was easy to cut so that the contours of my base would match that of the car. Once I had my body and my base all set, I needed to install the ingredient that makes it all happen, the magnets. You could not just plug the magnets on the base in any sort of arrangement that you want. The magnets have to be placed on in rows approximately one inch apart. Also, the magnets (once they are placed on) must repel the force given off of the track so that the Maglev vehicle can float. After the magnets were carefully put on, it was time to install the motor system. The motor system consisted of one motor, two wires, and a propeller. The two wires would touch the side of the Maglev track and generate power inside the motor, which would turn the propeller. Once my motor system was installed, I was ready to test out my product on the track. Something was wrong. Placing my vehicle on the track was no different than trying to drive a car while it is elevated, the motor was humming but it wasnt moving an inch. Upon observation, I concluded that my car had too much weight pushing down on the magnetic track. The one thing I could do was to hollow out the insides of the Styrofoam, which would reduce much of the weight. Well, that didnt do too much. So I continued to chop away at the body of my car. Each crucial chop eliminated the passenger rate of my vehicle. Eventually the weight balanced out when my vehicle totaled the passenger rate of 1. 5. Saddened by the loss of passenger space, I was happy to see that my vehicle could at least move. My vehicle was now completed. All it needed was a purple colored body, and a beautiful purple baseball No. 4 for good luck. A cheap car to build, it only cost a shade over $57 million ($50 million going into labor). Measurements concluded that a mere 1. 5 passengers could jam into my cars tight surroundings. With the knowledge of my car being a one man wrecking crew I tested it on the track to see how much speed my puppy could burn. Once the results came in, it was time to label my Maglev car ideal for the old man. A respectable average speed of 4. 75, my car will not pass the board of transportations expectations. However, if the time comes for personal Maglev use in the future, people can come to either me or Q. Some controversy was brought up in aspects to the motor. A more efficient gold motor was placed on some of the other vehicles, and showed that they performed at a higher speed. Would my car have broken record speeds with this gold motor? Although my car would not have passed the expectations of the Maglev transportation theories, I did learn a lot about how electricity and magnets can work together. I learned that the Maglev is a mode of transportation for the future. A low (if not zero) pollution percentage, a Maglev would be ideal to the ozone. I found it amazing how the vehicles actually float down the track. The main problem for me was the weight factor. For some reason, I wasnt able to carry a space wide enough to fit any more than two passengers. Speculation could lead to bad magnet placement on the bottom. If I could do it again, I would design a car that distributes the weight more evenly throughout the base so I could fit more passengers. I would also look into purchasing the gold motor for higher velocity. I thought it was a fun project and I recommend it to future generations of classes.

Anti-cancer Drug Targeting AFR Receptor

Anti-cancer Drug Targeting AFR Receptor Results 1a 1b Figure 1 Cell viability data based on the use of the XTT assay Two different lung tumor cell lines were tested: one expressing the mutated AFR receptor (blue line) and one that expresses wild-type AFR (orange line). Figure 1a represented AFR lung cancer cell line with Drug X and figure1b represented AFR lung cancer cell line with drug Y. Cells were seeded in wells of a 96 well plate at 3 x 10*4 cells/well before treatment with the drugs at the indicated concentrations for 72 hours (triplicate samples at each concentration). XTT assay reagent was then added to the wells and the absorbance measured at 450 nm. Control wells (no cells) contained medium but no cells. The Cell Proliferation XTT assay is a colorimetric assay for the nonradioactive analysis of cellular proliferation, viability, quantification of cytotoxic and cytostatic compounds like anticancer drugs and pharmaceutical compounds, evaluation of growth-inhibitory antibodies and physiological mediators that able to inhibit cell growth (Sigma-Aldrich, 2016). Sample is adherent or suspension which cultured in 96-well microplates. A fictional receptor (AFR) was targeted by anti-cancer drug to inhibit the mutated AFR function, causing an anti-proliferative effect and even cell death. XTT ((2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide)) assay was used to measure cell viability in the two different lung tumor cell lines, one expressing the mutated AFR receptor (AFR mut) and one that expresses wild-type AFR (AFR wt). Drug Y was observed to hinder cancer cell growth dose dependently (Figure 1). The amount of observed absorbance increases with cell number and incuba tion time for 72hours when a maximum absorbance level is reached. The plot of the XTT assay data should create a curve with a linear part. This area exhibits the highest sensitivity to changes produced by the experimental parameters. Establishing the XTT assay data for treatment of AFR mutated and AFR wild-type lung cancer cell line with drug X from 0nm to 1600nm (Figure 1a), It was illustrated that the cell viability of mutated AFR increased considerably from 1.1 to 1.3 between 0nm and 800nm and then became steady at approximately 1.4 from 800nm to 1600nm. Compared with the wild type of AFR (Figure1a), the trend of the line was similar to the mutated one but the cell viability was first rised from 0.9 to 1.2 between 0nm and 800nm and finally exhibited a loss of linearity when greater than 800nm. The lung cancer cell line with drug X represented a cell proliferation assay because the absorbance values of the mutated one were greater than control conditions, representing an increase in cell proliferation and viability. On the other hand, investigating the XTT assay data for treatment of AFR mutated and AFR wild-type lung cancer cell line with drug Y from 0nm to 1600nm, It was indicated that the cell viability of m utated AFR started off at about 1.1 from 0nm to 50nm and then occurred a dramatic drop from 1.1 to 0.1 between 50nm to 400nm and finally lied on 0.03 at 1600nm (Figure1b). Compared with the wild type of AFR (Figure1b), the line was also decreasing but showed a completely different trend. The cell viability decreased from 0.89 to 0.88 between 0nm and 800nm stably and then exhibited a significant drop when greater than 800nm and finally lied on 0.8 of 1600nm. The lung cancer cell line with drug Y represented a cell apoptosis assay as the absorbance values were lower than control conditions, showing a decrease in cell proliferation and resulted from cellular necrosis or apoptosis. From the data analysis, drug Y was successfully tested to inhibit the function of mutated AFR which have an anti-proliferative effect to cause cell death and drug Y could be put forward for further testing. Figure 2 Flow cytometry apoptosis data: Annexin V -FITC (x axis) and propidium iodide (Y axis)   Ã‚   The proapoptotic effect of drug X and Y. The AFRmut cell line was treated with each drug at a concentration of 800 nM for 24 hours. The cells were harvested, resuspended in buffer and then treated with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Cytograms of annexin-V-FITC binding against PI uptake show three populations: (i) viable cells (low FITC and low PI signal) in gate Lower Left; (ii) early apoptotic cells (high FITC and low PI signal) in gate Lower Right and (iii) cells that lost membrane integrity which results in late apoptosis (high FITC and high PI signal) in gate Upper Right. The percentage of cell death increases in the tumor cancer cell line of drug Y, as demonstrated by incorporation of Annexin V. The inhibition of cell proliferation caused by AFRmut was related to the apoptosis induction. Apoptosis is programmed as cell death which is important in development, in normal function of certain tissues and in the response to the damage. Apoptosis involves events which results in the destruction of cell. Annexin V -FITC is a protein that binds to phosphotidylserine which can be labelled and used to detect apoptotic cells. The flow cytometry apoptosis data was plotted on a dot plot and the lower left was represented the viable cells while the upper right and the lower right were represented the dead cells and the apoptotic cells respectively. From the apoptosis data (Figure2), it was observed that the untreated condition showed 77% viable cells and 21% of apoptotic effect. When AFRmut was treated with drug X, the viable cells were increased by 19% and the apoptotic effect was largely decreased to 3%. In contrast, the incorporation with drug Y lead to considerable anti-proliferative effect where 58% of apoptotic cells were observed and viable cells only remained as 40%. Related to the induction of programmed cell death, the majority of cells from the two tumor cell lines were alive upon carrier treatment, the use of AFRmut lead to the entrance of these cells into apoptosis with incorporation of Annexin V. The treatment of drug Y showed a significant apoptotic effect than the drug X, which has a potential to inhibit the function of mutated AFR and results in anti-proliferative effect. Figure 3 Flow cytometry cell cycle data: x-axis shows propidium iodide fluorescence and y-axis shows the number of cells The AFRmut cell line was treated with drug X and Y at a concentration of 800 nM for 24 hours and then fixed with ethanol and stained with propidium iodide before analysis in a flow cytometer. Treating with drug Y showed no cells in G2/M phase. The inhibition of cell proliferation induced by AFRmut was correlated with cell cycle which was evaluated with propidium iodide by flow cytometry. Cell cycle demonstrated the cell progression through a division cycle which result in cell growth and separation into two daughter cells. Live cell observation of cellular DNA and distribution of cell cycle are valuable to regulate apoptosis, and also the tumor behavior and suppressor gene systems. Cells would be distributed into three phases of cell cycle: G0 /G1 phase (2N), S phase (DNA synthesis with various DNA), and G2 /M phase (4N) to identify apoptotic cells with partial DNA content desirably   (Krishnakumar R, Kraus W ,2010). Propidium iodide fluorescence was needed in these actions to bind DNA. From the flow cytometry results by histogram (figure 3), the untreated condition showed 42% of cells in G0/G1 phase while 31% in S phase and 27% in G2/M phase. When the AFRmut was treated with drug X, the cell number in G1 phase dropped by 7% while there was increase of 6% in S Phase. DNA replication occurs more effectively during S phase. Tumor cells with a higher proportion of cells in S phase as tumors were growed faster and more aggressive in that phase so drug X induced proliferation of mutated AFR. However, the addition of drug Y caused effective anti-proliferation effect by increasing the cell numbers in G1 phase from 42% to 86% since the cell has left the cycle and has stopped dividing. There was increase in the cell numbers and grow in size. The decrease from 31% to 14% for S phase indicated the ineffective DNA replication. Moreover, there was no cells observed in G2/M phase when treated with drug Y which represented the increasing numbers of apoptotic cells and the G2/M pha se arrest, which failed the mitosis progression. Discussion Drug Y can be an effective anticancer drug which targets mutated AFR and inhibit its function to lead an anti-proliferative effect. In the present study, two lung tumor cell lines, mutated AFR receptor (AFRmut) and wild-type AFR (AFRwt), Drug Y was found that it could inhibit the growth of the AFR in vitro. The IC50 values of AFRmut and AFRwt were with the same range of 450nm. Additionally, the cell cycle revealed that Drug Y arrested mutated AFR at S phase and G2/M phase. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that Drug Y induced apoptosis in the mechanism assessed by 3 different methods: cell viability assay, apoptosis assay and the cell cycle of flow cytometry. Taken together, these results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Drug Y on cell proliferation in mutated AFR is mediated through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. The limitation is the flow cytometry are only authorize the relative abundances of cell cycle phases compared to another (Dick FA, Dyson NJ, 2002). These actions can be examined by evaluating a coordinate sample of cells with mitotic inhibitor like nocodazole or G1/S inhibitor like aphidicolin. As these drugs establish a prevalent arrest in M-phase or early S-phase accordingly, moderately proliferating cells will gather at the drug inferred arrest location. For instance, cells arrested in G1 BY pRB expression will stay in G1 phase regardless of nocodazole treatment even regulating cells will accumulate in M-phase[13] Overall, the data demonstrated drug Y is able to develop an anti-cancer drug that targets a receptor called AFR (A Fictional Receptor) to block its activity. Drug Y successfully inhibits the function of mutated AFR by evaluating the cell viability assay, apoptosis assay and the cell cycle of flow cytometry. The assays showed an anti-proliferative effect and even cause cell death, which explains its significant antitumor activity in the various experimental investigations that have assessed. Thus, further studies about the way of administration, dose limiting toxicities and recommended doses are needed for the preclinical development of drug Y to evaluate the potential of the compound as an anticancer drug. References Dick FA, Dyson NJ, 2002. Three regions of the pRB pocket domain affect its inactivation by human papillomavirus E7 proteins. J. Virol.2;76: 6224-6224. Krishnakumar R, Kraus W, 2010. The PARP side of the nucleus: molecular actions, physiological outcomes, and clinical targets. Mol Cell. 39:8-24 Matthew J., et al, 2012. Analysis of Cell Cycle Position in Mammalian Cells  (59): 3491. Sigma-aldrich, 2016. Cell Proliferation Kit II (XTT) [online] Available at: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/roche/11465015001?lang=enregion=GB Wang, G., et al, 2005. Antitumor effect of ÃŽÂ ²-elemene in non-small-cell lung cancer cells is mediated via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS 62.7-8: 881-893.